NPD is one of a "family" of personality disorders (formerly known as
"Cluster B").
Other members: Borderline PD, Antisocial PD and Histrionic PD.
NPD is often diagnosed with other mental health disorders
("co-morbidity") - or with substance abuse, or impulsive and reckless
behaviors ("dual diagnosis").
NPD is new (1980) mental health category in the Diagnostic and
Statistics Manual (DSM).
There is only scant research regarding narcissism. But what there is
has not demonstrated any ethnic, social, cultural, economic, genetic,
or professional predilection to NPD.
It is estimated that 0.7-1% of the general population suffer from NPD.
Pathological narcissism was first described in detail by Freud. Other
major contributors are: Klein, Horney, Kohut, Kernberg, Millon,
Roningstam, Gunderson, Hare.
The onset of narcissism is in infancy, childhood and early
adolescence. It is commonly attributed to childhood abuse and trauma
inflicted by parents, authority figures, or even peers.
There is a whole range of narcissistic reactions - from the mild,
reactive and transient to the permanent personality disorder.
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