http://www.roman-empire.net/emperors/nero-index.html
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10752c.htm
http://www.roman-emperors.org/nero.htm
New Economic Policy (NEP)
Mikhail Gorbachev (1931- ) was not the first to introduce Perestroika
- the economic liberalization of the communist system along
capitalistic lines.
During the Russian civil war (1918-1922) the Bolsheviks implemented
what they called "War Communism" (1917-1921), the militarization of
the economy. Between 1916 and 1920, industrial output plunged by more
than four fifths. Grain harvests in both 1920 and 1921 disastrously
dwindled, leading to widespread famine, claiming five million lives. A
series of rebellions of sailors broke out, most famously in the
Krohnstadt naval base.
To counter the party's loosening grip on power, Vladimir Lenin
(1870-1924) introduced the New Economic Policy (NEP). Trade was
liberalized, as were industrial and agricultural production. Peasants
were allowed to sell surplus produce on the open market and taxes were
made proportional to net output.
In stark departure from communist ideology, farmers could lease land
and hire laborers.
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