Further, some animals possess all these parts of soul,
some certain of them only, others one only (this is what enables us to
classify animals); the cause must be considered later.' A similar
arrangement is found also within the field of the senses; some classes
of animals have all the senses, some only certain of them, others only
one, the most indispensable, touch.
Since the expression 'that whereby we live and perceive' has two
meanings, just like the expression 'that whereby we know'-that may
mean either (a) knowledge or (b) the soul, for we can speak of knowing
by or with either, and similarly that whereby we are in health may
be either (a) health or (b) the body or some part of the body; and
since of the two terms thus contrasted knowledge or health is the name
of a form, essence, or ratio, or if we so express it an actuality of a
recipient matter-knowledge of what is capable of knowing, health of
what is capable of being made healthy (for the operation of that which
is capable of originating change terminates and has its seat in what
is changed or altered); further, since it is the soul by or with which
primarily we live, perceive, and think:-it follows that the soul
must be a ratio or formulable essence, not a matter or subject. For,
as we said, word substance has three meanings form, matter, and the
complex of both and of these three what is called matter is
potentiality, what is called form actuality. Since then the complex
here is the living thing, the body cannot be the actuality of the
soul; it is the soul which is the actuality of a certain kind of body.
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