5 lb. FIG. 6.
DIAGRAMS FROM CYLINDER AND AIR PUMP.
Net indicated horse power, 40; revolutions per minute, 100; coal tar
consumed per hour, 20.5 lb.; coal tar per I.H.P. per hour, 0.512 lb.]
* * * * *
AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE INTERNAL STRESSES OCCURRING IN CAST IRON
AND STEEL.
BY GENERAL NICHOLAS KALAKOUTZKY.
NO. I.
_Determination of the Influence of Internal Stresses on the Strength of
Materials._--We call internal stresses those which exist within the mass
of any hollow cylinder or other body, when it appears to be in a state
of repose, or not under the influence of external forces. When pressure
is applied to a hollow cylinder, either externally or internally, the
interior layers into which its walls may be conceived to be divided are
subjected to a new series of stresses, the magnitude of which is
independent of those already existing. These additional stresses combine
with the former in such a manner that at every point of the thickness of
the cylinder they have common resultants acting in various directions.
Thus, if we call t the internal stress existing at a distance r_x
from the axis of the cylinder, and in a direction tangential to its
cross section, and T the additional stress due to pressure inside the
cylinder acting at the same point and in the same direction, then the
newly developed stress will be t + T.
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