The upper part is of cast iron and is jug shaped, and is
covered with a lid which is held with a screw on rubber packing. In the
jug neck and near the bottom the sides are double, the inner plates
being perforated with small holes to let water in and out. The bottoms
are double, the inner plates being perforated like the neighboring
sides, and for the same purpose. The cells, of whose appearance a fair
idea may be had from diagram, Fig. 2, are connected with a water pipe, a
juice pipe, a compressed air pipe, and the heaters, by suitable valves.
The heaters are connected with a steam pipe. This, and the compressed
air pipe, are not shown in the diagram. The water pipe is fed from an
elevated tank, which gives a pressure of twelve pounds per square inch
The valve connections enable the operator to pass water into the cells
at either the top or the bottom; to pass the liquid from any cell to the
next, or to the juice pipe through the heater; to separate any cell from
any or all others, and to turn in compressed air.
Now let the reader refer to Fig. 2.
[Illustration: Fig. 2--DIFFUSION PROCESS--MANUFACTURE OF SORGHUM
SUGAR.]
The cutters are started, and cell 1 is filled with chips. This done, the
chips from the cutters are turned into cell 2; cell 1 is closed, and cut
off from the others, and water is turned into it by opening valve, c,
of cell 1 (see Fig.
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