They shattered
all that for thousands of years had been holy and dear to the Jew. Like
apes they imitated the manners and customs of the Christians. The
younger children did not even know that they were descended from Jews,
as was the case in the first 'pogroms,' when the children asked their
parents: 'Why do they beat us? Are we, too, Jews (Razve vy tozhe
Yevrey)?'"]
[Footnote 28: For a full biography see Brainin, Perez ben Mosheh
Smolenskin, Warsaw, 1896; Keneset Yisrael, i. 249-286; Ha-Shiloah, i.
82-92, and his works, especially Ha-Toeh be-Darke ha-Hayyim, Vienna,
1876.]
CHAPTER VI
THE AWAKENING
1881-1905
(pp. 268-303)
[Footnote 1: Most of this is based on Persecution of the Jews in Russia,
Philadelphia, 1891, pp. 8-18, 22, 35, 51-82, 184-185; Frederick, The New
Exodus, London, 1892, pp. 192-208; Errera, Les juifs russes, Brussels,
1893, pp. 29, 43 f., 89-90, 188-189. Between 1883 and 1885, the Mining
Institute and Engineering Institute for Public Roads adopted the five
per cent limit, the Kharkov Technical Institute a ten per cent limit,
and the Veterinary Institute, of the same city, the only one of the sort
in Russia, excluded Jews altogether.
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