The two facts, evolution and design,
are equally patent to plain people. There is no escaping from
either. According to Messrs. Darwin and Wallace, we may have
evolution, but are on no account to have it as mainly due to
intelligent effort, guided by ever higher and higher range of
sensations, perceptions, and ideas. We are to set it down to the
shuffling of cards, or the throwing of dice without the play, and
this will never stand.
According to the older men, cards did indeed count for much, but
play counted for more. They denied the teleology of the time--that
is to say, the teleology that saw all adaptation to surroundings as
part of a plan devised long ages since by a quasi-anthropomorphic
being who schemed everything out much as a man would do, but on an
infinitely vaster scale. This conception they found repugnant alike
to intelligence and conscience, but, though they do not seem to have
perceived it, they left the door open for a design more true and
more demonstrable than that which they excluded. By making their
variations mainly due to effort and intelligence, they made organic
development run on all-fours with human progress, and with
inventions which we have watched growing up from small beginnings.
They made the development of man from the amoeba part and parcel of
the story that may be read, though on an infinitely smaller scale,
in the development of our most powerful marine engines from the
common kettle, or of our finest microscopes from the dew-drop.
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